THE PRINTTOOLS JOURNAL

Practical knowledge.
Thoughtful printing.

Explore published technical articles and our upcoming editorial programme.

Our 40-topic bilingual editorial programme is being prepared for specialist review. Articles are published after approval. You can already use the tools and their formula guides.
Costs & pricing

How Much Does 3D Printing Cost?

A gram-only price answers a material question, not the cost of a usable finished item. Two models with identical mass can require different supports, operator time and printer occupancy.

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Costs & pricing

How to Calculate 3D Printing Costs

A repeatable costing method starts with a declared boundary and ends with actual-versus-estimated comparison. The aim is to identify what changed, not merely produce a total.

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Printing business

How to Price 3D Printed Products

A sustainable selling price begins with accepted-part cost and a clear service scope. A commodity part and a custom engineered part solve different customer problems.

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Printing business

3D Printing Profit Margin Explained

Margin expresses profit as a share of revenue; markup expresses it as a share of cost. Using the same percentage for both produces different selling prices.

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Costs & pricing

Electricity Costs of 3D Printers

Electricity depends on energy consumed during the complete job, not the maximum wattage printed on a power supply. Heating behavior makes isolated readings misleading.

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Printing business

How to Calculate Print Farm Profitability

A farm is constrained by demand, usable machine hours and human handling. Adding printers cannot fix a bottleneck in quoting, finishing or sales.

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Filament & materials

PLA vs PETG vs ABS

Choose material from the part's service requirements rather than from a universal ranking. Temperature, stiffness, impact, dimensional stability and processing conditions all matter.

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Filament & materials

How Much Filament Does a 3D Print Use?

Consumption is determined by sliced toolpaths. The object's outside volume alone cannot capture walls, sparse infill, support, brim and purge.

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Filament & materials

How Long Does a 1kg Filament Spool Last?

One kilogram is a stock quantity, not a fixed number of printing hours. Tiny parts, large walls and multicolor purging spend it at very different rates.

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Filament & materials

Filament Density Explained

Density links solid material volume and mass. It is needed when a slicer or converter moves between meters, cubic centimeters and grams.

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Filament & materials

How to Calculate Filament Length

A filament strand can be modeled as a cylinder. Its diameter determines area, and density converts that cylindrical volume into mass.

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Filament & materials

How to Reduce Filament Waste

Reduce avoidable waste by distinguishing failed parts, supports, startup extrusion and color purging. Each category requires a different intervention.

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Calibration

What Is Volumetric Flow?

Volumetric flow expresses how much polymer the hotend must deliver each second. Linear speed alone does not describe extrusion demand.

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Calibration

How to Find Maximum Volumetric Speed

A safe volumetric limit belongs to a nozzle, material, temperature and quality target. It is not a permanent universal printer specification.

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Calibration

How to Calibrate Extrusion Flow

Tune material flow only after feeding hardware and temperature behave consistently. Extrusion multiplier changes quantity, while pressure advance changes its transient timing.

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Calibration

E-Steps Calibration Explained

E-steps define how many motor steps correspond to one millimeter of filament feed. They calibrate mechanics rather than compensating for every printing defect.

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Calibration

Pressure Advance Explained

Pressure advance compensates extrusion transients during acceleration and deceleration. It can improve corners without serving as a substitute for correct material flow.

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Calibration

Understanding 3D Printing Shrinkage

Cooling changes polymer dimensions, but not every dimensional error is proportional shrinkage. Scaling is appropriate only when the measured pattern supports it.

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Slicer settings

Layer Height Explained

Layer height controls vertical sampling of the model. It affects surface steps and the number of layers but does not independently determine XY resolution.

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Slicer settings

Nozzle Size vs Layer Height

Nozzle diameter and layer height describe different axes of extrusion geometry. A supported nozzle profile connects them through practical deposition constraints.

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Slicer settings

3D Printing Infill Explained

Infill supports internal structure and upper surfaces while walls define the shell. A percentage is a slicing parameter, not a universal strength or mass percentage.

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Slicer settings

How to Calculate Wall Thickness

Wall thickness depends on how the slicer lays adjacent extrusion paths. CAD thickness and perimeter count are connected but are not interchangeable controls.

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Slicer settings

Understanding Print Speed

Requested millimeters per second are only one limit in a print. Acceleration, feature speed, flow, cooling and travel all influence duration.

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Slicer settings

Common Slicer Settings Mistakes

Many slicing failures start with a mismatched printer, nozzle or material profile. Fix configuration consistency before changing many unrelated quality parameters.

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Models & planning

STL vs 3MF vs G-Code

STL is a triangle surface, 3MF is a structured model container, and G-code is a machine instruction stream. They belong to different stages of the workflow.

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Models & planning

How to Scale STL Files Correctly

Scale from a known intended dimension, not from a guess about the file's unit. STL geometry does not identify whether coordinates represent millimeters or inches.

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Models & planning

How to Check Model Dimensions

A bounding box gives the occupied extent of a chosen orientation. It does not describe every hole, tolerance or local wall in the model.

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Models & planning

Why Print Time Estimates Differ

Slicer duration depends on its assumed motion and machine behavior. Real heating, firmware constraints and interventions can change completion time.

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Models & planning

How to Check Printer Build Volume

Usable build area may be smaller than the physical bed. Keep clearance for generated structures and machine-specific exclusions.

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Models & planning

Common 3D Printing File Problems

Unit ambiguity, open meshes, inconsistent orientation and incompatible machine files create different problems. Diagnose the file stage before selecting a repair.

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Troubleshooting

How to Fix 3D Print Stringing

Fine strands between separate features indicate material escaping during travel. Excess temperature, unsuitable retraction, moisture or nozzle deposits can contribute.

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Filament & materials

How to Dry and Store 3D Printer Filament

Filament moisture sensitivity varies by product. Storage reduces future uptake, while drying removes existing moisture under controlled conditions.

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Slicer settings

0.4 vs 0.6 vs 0.8 mm Nozzle: Which Is Better?

Choose a nozzle for the job's smallest features and throughput constraints. Larger openings can reduce path count but cannot create unlimited melt capacity.

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Troubleshooting

3D Print First Layer Problems: Causes and Solutions

Diagnose whether the first layer is too far, too close, locally uneven or contaminated. These produce different patterns and need different corrections.

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Calibration

3D Printing Tolerances and Clearances Explained

Tolerance describes allowed dimensional variation; clearance describes intentional space between mating parts. Design both for the function and the actual printing process.

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Troubleshooting

3D Print Warping: Causes, Prevention and Fixes

Warping is distortion from stresses and uneven contraction, often visible as lifted corners. Uniform dimensional shrinkage and warped geometry are different problems.

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Slicer settings

Supports vs Bridging in 3D Printing

A bridge spans between supporting edges; supports provide temporary structure under otherwise unsupported geometry. The distinction guides orientation and slicing choices.

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Filament & materials

How to Reduce Multicolor Filament Waste

Multicolor waste is driven by transitions, not merely the number of colors. Many changes on every layer can dominate a small decorative object's mass.

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Costs & pricing

3D Printer Maintenance Costs Explained

Maintenance includes wear parts, scheduled work and downtime. Separate preventive service from repairs caused by failed jobs so the cost model remains understandable.

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Troubleshooting

3D Printer Under-Extrusion: Causes and Fixes

Missing material can come from insufficient feed, a restriction or excessive extrusion demand. The visual symptom alone does not identify which mechanism is responsible.

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